系統大全為您提供?Linux系統有一些基礎的命令可以很好的用于服務器的監測。只作簡單介紹，具體用法可通過–help查看或查閱相關資料網絡：ifconfig，netstat?磁盤：df?cpu：w?進程：ps?內存：free?I/O：iostatifconfig輸入ifconfig，輸出結果為：eth0:?flags=4163??mtu?1500????????inet?10.144.81.226??netmask?255.255.240.0??broadcast?10.144.95.255????????ether?00:16:3e:02:04:ba??txqueuelen?1000??(Ethernet)????????RX?packets?69775??bytes?91364566?(87.1?MiB)????????RX?errors?0??dropped?0??overruns?0??frame?0????????TX?packets?26057??bytes?1937311?(1.8?MiB)????????TX?errors?0??dropped?0?overruns?0??carrier?0??collisions?0lo:?flags=73??mtu?65536????????inet?127.0.0.1??netmask?255.0.0.0????????loop??txqueuelen?0??(Local?Loopback)????????RX?packets?286??bytes?32054?(31.3?KiB)????????RX?errors?0??dropped?0??overruns?0??frame?0????????TX?packets?286??bytes?32054?(31.3?KiB)????????TX?errors?0??dropped?0?overruns?0??carrier?0??collisions?0結果中顯示了服務器的網卡數量、IP地址、MAC地址、MTU的大小、網卡收發包的情況。ethX(x為0,1,2……)，有幾個就有幾張網卡；inet就是IP地址，netmask是子網掩碼，broadcast是廣播地址netstatnetstat是查看網絡相關數據的命令，Active?Internet?connections?(servers?and?established)Proto?Recv-Q?Send-Q?Local?Address???????????Foreign?Address?????????State????Timertcp????????0??????0?127.0.0.1:8005??????????0.0.0.0:*???????????????LISTEN????off?(0.$tcp????????0??????0?0.0.0.0:8009????????????0.0.0.0:*???????????????LISTEN????off?(0.$tcp????????0??????0?0.0.0.0:80??????????????0.0.0.0:*???????????????LISTEN????off?(0.$tcp????????0??????0?0.0.0.0:8080????????????0.0.0.0:*???????????????LISTEN????off?(0.$tcp????????0??????0?0.0.0.0:22??????????????0.0.0.0:*???????????????LISTEN????off?(0.$tcp????????0??????0?115.28.204.58:58433?????42.156.166.25:80????????ESTABLISHED?off?(0.$tcp????????0?????52?115.28.204.58:22????????59.71.67.114:21489??????ESTABLISHED?on?(0.4$udp????????0??????0?115.28.204.58:123???????0.0.0.0:*????????????????off?(0.$udp????????0??????0?10.144.81.226:123???????0.0.0.0:*????????????????off?(0.$udp????????0??????0?127.0.0.1:123???????????0.0.0.0:*????????????????off?(0.$udp????????0??????0?0.0.0.0:123?????????????0.0.0.0:*????????????????off?(0.$udp6???????0??????0?:::123??????????????????:::*????????可以用來查看服務器上所有的網絡層連接狀況。ww命令用于查看服務器的負載情況，輸入w，命令輸出如下：16:59:52?up?4?days,?18:20,??1?user,??load?average:?0.09,?0.04,?0.05USER?????TTY????????LOGIN@???IDLE???Jcpu???Pcpu?WHATroot?????pts/0?????16:51????0.00s??0.06s??0.00s?w結果中包括服務器的運行時間（4?days，18:20），用戶數量，當前用戶及其運行的程序，load?average的三個值分別是1分鐘、5分鐘、10分鐘的平均負載。系統每5s記錄系統中當前正在運行的任務和正在等待磁盤I/O的任務數，每1分鐘、5分鐘、10分鐘計算一次平均值，這個值就是平均負載。dfdf命令用于查看磁盤的情況，輸入df?-hFilesystem????Size??Used?Avail?Use%?Mounted?on/dev/xvda1?????40G??2.1G???36G???6%?/devtmpfs????????489M?????0??489M???0%?/devtmpfs???????????497M?????0??497M???0%?/devmtmpfs???????????497M???19M??478M???4%?/runtmpfs???????????497M?????0??497M???0%?/sys/fs/cgrouptmpfs???????????100M?????0??100M???0%?/run/user/0可看到磁盤使用情況，掛載盤的目錄等。freefree命令用于查看內存狀態????????????????????total?????used???????free?????shared????buffers?????cachedMem:???????1016656?????940168???????76488??????19384?????114052?????543612-/+?buffers/cache:?????282504?????734152Swap:????????????0??????????0??????????0可以看出總內存大小，已使用的內存和剩余內存。swap是交換分區，可理解為虛擬內存iostatio即I/O，這個命令是用來輸出I/O相關的數據的，輸入iostat?-xLinux?3.10.0-123.9.3.el7.x86_64?(iZ28yqvmjkrZ)??03/20/2016????_x86_64_????(1?cpu)avg-cpu:??%user???%nice?%system?%iowait??%steal???%idle???????????0.19????0.00????0.13????0.06????0.16???99.47Device:?????????rrqm/s???wrqm/s?????r/s?????w/s????rkB/s????wkB/s?avgrq-sz?avgqu-sz???a$xvda??????????????0.00?????0.17????0.10????0.33?????0.94?????5.14????28.83?????0.01???2$Device表示的是磁盤設備的數據ps這個命令用于查看進程信息，輸入?ps?-auxUSER???????PID?%cpu?%MEM????VSZ???RSS?TTY??????STAT?START???TIME?COMMANDroot?????????1??0.0??0.3?188792??3804??????????Ss???Mar15???0:10?/usrb/systemd/syste$root?????????2??0.0??0.0??????0?????0??????????S????Mar15???0:00?[kthreadd]root?????????3??0.0??0.0??????0?????0??????????S????Mar15???0:01?[ksoftirqd/0]root?????????5??0.0??0.0??????0?????0??????????S