1. Aircraft engines fall into various categories, primarily divided into internal combustion engines and external combustion engines. Among internal combustion engines, there are piston, turbine boosted, and other types.2. Piston engines, one of the earliest types used in aviation history, operate on the principle of converting the linear motion of pistons within cylinders to rotational motion of the crankshaft.3. The piston engine's main components include cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, crankshafts, valve mechanisms, etc. The cylinder head is equipped with a spark plug that ignites the compressed fuel-air mixture.4. Due to the high temperatures encountered during operation, the outer walls of the cylinders have cooling fins to increase the surface area for heat dissipation. Cylinders are typically arranged in a star or V configuration, with the number of cylinders determining the engine's power output.5. Connecting rods serve to transform the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion of the crankshaft. The crankshaft is a crucial component that outputs power, turning the propeller to generate thrust and drive accessories.6. The valve mechanism is responsible for controlling the opening and closing times of the intake and exhaust valves, ensuring the engine's proper functioning.