1. The Rayleigh scattering formula is expressed as I = (k^2 / 4π^2) * (I1 / r^2) * (1 + cos^2θ), describing the intensity of light scattering under specific conditions.2. Rayleigh scattering occurs when the particle size is much smaller than the wavelength of the incident light, typically less than one-tenth the wavelength.3. In Rayleigh scattering, the intensity of the scattered light is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the incident light's wavelength, indicating that shorter wavelengths result in higher scattering intensity.4. A characteristic of Rayleigh scattering is that the intensity of the scattered light is最低 in the direction perpendicular to the incident light, while it is relatively uniform in other directions.5. The scattering efficiency factor of Rayleigh scattering is related to the ratio of the particle radius to the radiation wavelength, and is commonly characterized by the dimensionless quantity α = 2πr/λ.6. When the α value is small, the scattering efficiency factor increases rapidly with α, which is a typical feature of Rayleigh scattering.7. For the same type of scattering particles, such as air molecules, whose radius is fixed, an increase in α reflects a decrease in the wavelength of the incident light.