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if 用來引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句,意為“如果”,也可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,意為“是否”。有時若無上下文可能產(chǎn)生歧義。如:Write to tell me if you love her.(1) 如果你愛她,請寫信告訴我。(2) 請寫信告訴我你是否愛她。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時,要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來,而引導(dǎo)名詞性從句則沒有此限制。如:I don’t know if he will come. But if he comes, I’ll tell you.我不知道他是否來,但是如果他來,我就告訴你。有時表示條件的 if 之后可能用 will,但那不是將來時態(tài),而是表示意愿或委婉的請求(此處的 will 是情態(tài)動詞)。如:A: Shall I hold the door open for you? 我為你開著門好嗎?B: Yes, if you will. 好的,如果你愿意的話。If you will wait a moment, I’ll fetch the money. 請等一下,我就去拿錢。在 if 引導(dǎo)的條件從句里,有時可省略主語和謂語動詞。在這類省略結(jié)構(gòu)中,有的已構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu),如:if any, if not, if necessary, if possible, if so 等。如:I’ll help you if possible. 若有可能我會幫你的。There’re few, if any, mistakes in the book. 這本書里即使有錯也不多。Fill in the blanks with articles if necessary. 在有必要的地方填冠詞。If the weather is fine, we’ll go. If not, not. 如果天氣好,我們就去。如果天氣不好,我們就不去。He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now? 他可能很忙。如果是這樣,我以后再來拜訪;他若不忙,我現(xiàn)在可以見他嗎?若要表示與事實相反的假設(shè),if 引出的條件從句以及相應(yīng)的主句則用虛擬語氣。具體格式為:(1) 與現(xiàn)在事實相反:主句用 would, should, could, might+v.,從句動詞用過去式(be 通常用 were)。如:If I were you, I might stay. 我要是你,我可能會留下If you had your choice, where would you go? 要是讓你選,你去哪兒?(2) 與將來事實相反:主句用 would, should, could, might+v.,從句動詞用過去式(be 通常用 were)或用 should+動詞原形或 were to+動詞原形。如:If it rained tomorrow, I would stay at home. 要是明天下雨,我就呆在家里。If it should be necessary, I could come at six. 如果有必要,我可以在六點鐘來。【注】從句謂語若為 should+動詞原形,主句謂語有時可用陳述語氣。如:If he should call, tell him I’ll ring back. 萬一他打電話來,告訴他我給他回電話。If I should see him, I’ll ask him to ring you. 萬一我能見到他,我就叫他給你打電話。(3) 與過去事實相反: 主句用 would, should, could, might+have+過去分詞,從句用過去完成時。如:If he had worked harder, he would have succeeded. 要是他更努力些,他就會成功了。If it hadn’t been for the snow, we could have climbed the mountain yesterday. 要是沒下雪,我們昨天就去爬山了。(4) if only(但愿),as if(似乎,好象)也常與虛擬語氣連用。如:If only I knew her name. 要是我知道她的名字就好了。When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. 當(dāng)一支鉛筆有一半放在水里時,它就好像折斷了似的。詳情