定語從句概念:一個句子跟在名詞或者代詞(也叫先行詞)后進行修飾限定,就叫做定語從句。其實,從句在整個句子中做定語,這個從句就叫做定語從句。從句在主句中充當(dāng)定語成分,被修飾的詞叫做先行詞。定語從句由關(guān)系詞(也就是關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞)引導(dǎo),關(guān)系詞位于定語從句句首。
定語從句的分類
定語從句其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個成分,定語從句分為限定性和非限定性從句兩種。當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時,其后的定語從句通常是非性的,非性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞,從句謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。
定語從句公式:定語從句=先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句
定語從句的關(guān)鍵詞
引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞,常見的關(guān)系代詞包括that, which, who(賓格whom,所有格whose)等,關(guān)系副詞包括where, when, why等。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連接作用,同時又作定語從句的重要成分。
關(guān)系代詞:1.that和whichthat可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它們在從句中作主語或賓語,that在從句中作賓語時常可省略關(guān)系詞,which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。而且,如果which在從句中作“不及物動詞+介詞”的介詞的賓語,注意介詞不要丟掉。例子:Is he the man who/that wants to see you??他就是你想見的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)?He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.?他就是我昨天見的那個人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作賓語)?The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語 18.2 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句?Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人們對白日做夢的態(tài)度正在改變,這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處。I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某種原因喜歡這種音樂,而他恰恰與我相反。We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 剛好我們到的那天他們走了。Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.?洋流影響其流經(jīng)的附近地區(qū)的氣候。?2.who、whom和whosewho和whom引導(dǎo)的從句用來修飾人,分別作從句中的主語和賓語,whom作賓語時,要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語。例子:They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過去幫忙。?Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請遞給我那本綠皮的書。3.where,when和whywhere是關(guān)系副詞,用來表示地點的定語從句,when引導(dǎo)定語從句表示時間。例子:There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。?Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。?Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.?他們向我們解釋為什么他們不喜歡我們的原因。
實例判斷
判斷改錯?(錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.?(錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.?(對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.?(對) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.習(xí)慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。?